Understanding Monads

Monads in Scala are design patterns used to handle computations like chaining operations and managing side effects.

Option Monad

val result = Some(2).map(x => x * 2).flatMap(x => Some(x + 1))
println(result) // Some(5)

For-Comprehension

val res = for {
  a <- Some(2)
  b <- Some(3)
} yield a + b
println(res) // Some(5)

Monads abstract over computation context (e.g., Option, Future).